Require independent approval where consequence is high.
Two-party control for critical actions — two authenticated approvers, through the interface.
Frame the action and expected outcome.
Confirm scope and operating need.
Provide independent approval.
Check the outcome and preserve accountability.
Independent review reduces single-person error and misuse.
Each approver acts through an authenticated interface.
Organizations reserve two-party control for actions whose impact warrants it.
Questions that make the principle operational.
Use these prompts to evaluate accountability and control without assuming a particular implementation.
Which actions require two people?
Classify by consequence, privilege, blast radius, and recoverability.
Are approvals truly independent?
Avoid workflows where the same authority effectively approves twice.
What evidence does review need?
Give each approver the scope, reason, expected outcome, and known risk.
Explain the outcome. Protect the mechanism.
This page describes the customer-facing operating principle. Internal architecture, algorithms, schemas, thresholds, and control mechanisms remain outside the public boundary.
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